Following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) convention, risk in this study is defined as “the potential for adverse consequences”36, mainly in the form of human mortality. IPCC’s definition of exposure is “the presence of people…in places and settings that could be adversely affected”36. However, except where otherwise specified, risks in this study are assessed from an individual’s perspective, for each city’s average inhabitant. The same average inhabitant is always assumed to be exposed, and intra-city risk differentials are indicative of the potential difference in risk posed to this inhabitant if they lived in one part of the city compared to another. Exposure in this study therefore follows the epidemiological definition and refers to the presence of heat and cold. Under IPCC convention, this is more closely related to the presence of hazard…
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